{"id":1884,"date":"2025-05-15T12:00:52","date_gmt":"2025-05-15T10:00:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sammler.com.pl\/?p=1884"},"modified":"2025-05-15T12:03:10","modified_gmt":"2025-05-15T10:03:10","slug":"agrowloknina-a-mikrobiologia-gleby","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sammler.com.pl\/ro\/agro-lumina-si-microbiologia-solului\/","title":{"rendered":"Afecteaz\u0103 agro-tex\u00adtilul micro\u00adbi\u00adolo\u00adgia solu\u00adlui?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Agro<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u021aes\u0103\u00adtu\u00adra ne\u021be\u00adsut\u0103 a fost pop\u00adu\u00adlar\u0103 de ani de zile print\u00adre gr\u0103\u00add\u00adi\u00adnari \u0219i de\u021bin\u0103\u00adtorii de loturi ca modal\u00adi\u00adtate efi\u00adcien\u00adt\u0103 de a com\u00adbate buruie\u00adnile, de a men\u021bine solul umed \u0219i de a pro\u00adte\u00adja cul\u00adturile de intem\u00adperii. Cu toate aces\u00adtea, odat\u0103 cu cre\u0219terea intere\u00adsu\u00adlui pen\u00adtru gr\u0103d\u00adin\u0103rit\u00adul organ\u00adic \u0219i con\u0219\u00adtient, exist\u0103 din ce \u00een ce mai multe \u00eentre\u00adb\u0103ri cu privire la mod\u00adul \u00een care mate\u00adri\u00adalul ne\u021be\u00adsut afecteaz\u0103 via\u021ba bio\u00adlog\u00adic\u0103 a solu\u00adlui. Nu inter\u00adfer\u00adeaz\u0103 agro\u00adtex\u00adtilul cu descom\u00adpunerea nat\u00adu\u00adral\u0103 a materiei organ\u00adice sau nu \u00eempiedic\u0103 aerul \u0219i apa, ceea ce ar putea d\u0103u\u00adna microor\u00adgan\u00adis\u00admelor benefice, cum ar fi bac\u00adteri\u00adile, ciu\u00adper\u00adcile micoriz\u00adice sau vier\u00admii de p\u0103m\u00e2nt?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un sol s\u0103n\u0103\u00adtos nu \u00eenseam\u00adn\u0103 doar un niv\u00adel corect de nutrien\u021bi, ci mai ales o micro\u00adbi\u00adolo\u00adgie activ\u0103 \u2014 via\u021b\u0103 inviz\u00adibil\u0103 cu ochi\u00adul liber care sus\u021bine cre\u0219terea plantelor, \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021be\u0219te struc\u00adtura solu\u00adlui \u0219i influ\u00aden\u021beaz\u0103 rezis\u00adten\u021ba solu\u00adlui, dese\u00adcarea sau eroz\u00adi\u00adunea. \u00cen acest arti\u00adcol, anal\u00adiz\u0103m dac\u0103 uti\u00adlizarea agro\u00adtex\u00adtilu\u00adlui are \u00eentr-ade\u00adv\u0103r un impact asupra microor\u00adgan\u00adis\u00admelor din sol, des\u00adfi\u00adin\u021b\u0103m unele mituri pop\u00adu\u00adlare \u0219i sug\u00ader\u0103m cum s\u0103 folosim acest mate\u00adr\u00adi\u00adal f\u0103r\u0103 a per\u00adtur\u00adba echili\u00adbrul nat\u00adur\u00adal din gr\u0103d\u00adin\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce este microbiologia solului \u0219i de ce este important\u0103?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Micro\u00adbi\u00adolo\u00adgia solu\u00adlui este dome\u00adni\u00adul care se ocup\u0103 cu studi\u00adul microor\u00adgan\u00adis\u00admelor care tr\u0103i\u00adesc \u00een sol, cum ar fi bac\u00adteri\u00adile, ciu\u00adper\u00adcile, acti\u00adn\u00ado\u00admicetele sau pro\u00adto\u00adzoarele. De\u0219i inviz\u00adibile cu ochi\u00adul liber, aces\u00adtea \u00eendeplinesc o func\u021bie impor\u00adtan\u00adt\u0103 \u00een via\u021ba plantelor \u0219i a \u00eentreg\u00adu\u00adlui eco\u00adsis\u00adtem din gr\u0103d\u00adin\u0103. Microor\u00adgan\u00adis\u00admele sunt respon\u00ads\u00adabile de descom\u00adpunerea materiei organ\u00adice, de trans\u00adfor\u00admarea res\u00adturilor veg\u00ade\u00adtale \u00een humus \u0219i de punerea la dis\u00adpoz\u00adi\u021bie a nutrien\u021bilor \u00eentr\u2011o for\u00adm\u0103 asim\u00adi\u00adl\u00adabil\u0103 de c\u0103tre r\u0103d\u0103ci\u00adni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unele formeaz\u0103 rela\u021bii sim\u00adbi\u00ado\u00adtice cu alte organ\u00adisme \u2014 cum ar fi ciu\u00adper\u00adcile micoriz\u00adice, care m\u0103resc suprafa\u021ba absorban\u00adt\u0103 a r\u0103d\u0103cinilor \u0219i ajut\u0103 la extragerea apei \u0219i a min\u00aderalelor din ad\u00e2n\u00adcul solu\u00adlui.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O micro\u00adbi\u00adolo\u00adgie bine dez\u00advoltat\u0103 \u00eenseam\u00adn\u0103, de aseme\u00adnea, o mai mare rezis\u00adten\u021b\u0103 a plantelor la boli, o mai bun\u0103 reten\u021bie a umid\u00adit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i o cre\u0219tere mai echili\u00adbrat\u0103. \u00cen prac\u00adtic\u0103, un sol viu \u00eenseam\u00adn\u0103 plante mai s\u0103n\u0103\u00adtoase, mai put\u00ader\u00adnice \u0219i mai pu\u021bin solic\u00adi\u00adtante. Aces\u00adta este motivul pen\u00adtru care tot mai mul\u021bi gr\u0103\u00add\u00adi\u00adnari se bazeaz\u0103 nu numai pe fer\u00adtilizare, ci \u0219i pe dez\u00advoltarea activ\u00adit\u0103\u021bii bio\u00adlog\u00adice a solu\u00adlui prin com\u00adpostare, \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103minte verzi sau evitarea sub\u00adstan\u021belor chim\u00adice. Cu toate aces\u00adtea, se pune \u00eentre\u00adbarea dac\u0103 uti\u00adlizarea agro-tex\u00adtilelor \u2014 de\u0219i con\u00adven\u00adabil\u0103 \u2014 nu inter\u00adfer\u00adeaz\u0103 cu aces\u00adte prin\u00adcipii?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Structura agrotextil\u0103 \u0219i fluxul de aer \u0219i ap\u0103<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Agro-tex\u00adtilul este un mate\u00adr\u00adi\u00adal fab\u00adri\u00adcat din polipropilen\u0103, cu o struc\u00adtur\u0103 asem\u0103n\u0103\u00adtoare unei \u021bes\u0103\u00adturi sub\u00ad\u021biri, per\u00adme\u00adabile. Una din\u00adtre car\u00adac\u00adter\u00adis\u00adti\u00adcile sale cheie \u2014 impor\u00adtan\u00adt\u0103 pen\u00adtru s\u0103n\u0103\u00adtatea solu\u00adlui \u2014 este capac\u00adi\u00adtatea sa de a per\u00admite tre\u00adcerea apei \u0219i a aeru\u00adlui. Acest lucru per\u00admite at\u00e2t plantelor, c\u00e2t \u0219i microor\u00adgan\u00adis\u00admelor din sol s\u0103 func\u021bioneze sub strat\u00adul s\u0103u f\u0103r\u0103 obsta\u00adcole. Spre deose\u00adbire de folia de plas\u00adtic, agro\u00adtex\u00adtilul nu formeaz\u0103 o bari\u00ader\u0103 etan\u0219\u0103 \u2014 microde\u00adschider\u00adile per\u00admit tre\u00adcerea pre\u00adcip\u00adi\u00adta\u021bi\u00adilor \u0219i per\u00admit un schimb liber de gaze. Oxi\u00adgenul ajunge la r\u0103d\u0103ci\u00adni \u0219i la organ\u00adis\u00admele din sol, iar exce\u00adsul de umid\u00adi\u00adtate \u0219i gazele pot fi evac\u00adu\u00adate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen acest con\u00adtext, mer\u00adit\u0103, de aseme\u00adnea, clar\u00adi\u00adfi\u00adcat fap\u00adtul c\u0103 agro-tex\u00adtil vs. agro-tex\u00adtil<\/strong> nu este ace\u00adla\u0219i. Difer\u00aden\u021ba<\/strong> se refer\u0103, print\u00adre altele, la via\u021ba bio\u00adlog\u00adic\u0103 din sol. Agro\u00adtex\u00adtilul, de\u0219i este mai efi\u00adcient \u00een com\u00adbat\u00aderea pe ter\u00admen lung a buruie\u00adnilor, are o \u021bes\u0103\u00adtur\u0103 mai den\u00ads\u0103 \u0219i o per\u00adme\u00adabil\u00adi\u00adtate mai sc\u0103zut\u0103 la aer. Acest lucru poate reduce aer\u00adarea solu\u00adlui, ceea ce nu este \u00eentot\u00addeau\u00adna benef\u00adic \u00een agri\u00adcul\u00adtura eco\u00adlog\u00adic\u0103. Aces\u00adta este motivul pen\u00adtru care agro-tex\u00adtilul este une\u00adori reco\u00adman\u00addat mai des aco\u00adlo unde dori\u021bi s\u0103 sus\u021bine\u021bi via\u021ba bio\u00adlog\u00adic\u0103 \u00een sol. Cu toate aces\u00adtea, este impor\u00adtant s\u0103 ne amintim c\u0103 efi\u00adcien\u021ba sa depinde \u0219i de cal\u00adi\u00adtatea mate\u00adri\u00adalu\u00adlui \u0219i de mod\u00adul \u00een care este a\u0219ezat. Dac\u0103 este pre\u00adsat prea str\u00e2ns sau acoper\u00adit cu stra\u00adturi imper\u00adme\u00adabile (de exem\u00adplu, pietri\u0219 grosier sau pietre), aces\u00adta poate restric\u021biona local acce\u00adsul oxi\u00adgenu\u00adlui.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cele mai frecvente \u00eendoieli cu privire la impactul agrotextilelor asupra solului<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

De\u0219i agro-tex\u00adtilul este uti\u00adlizat pe scar\u0103 larg\u0103 \u00een hor\u00adti\u00adcul\u00adtur\u0103, apar \u00eentre\u00adb\u0103ri \u00een r\u00e2n\u00addul uti\u00adliza\u00adto\u00adrilor cu privire la impactul aces\u00adtu\u00adia asupra vie\u021bii bio\u00adlog\u00adice a solu\u00adlui. Mai jos dis\u00adcut\u0103m c\u00e2te\u00adva din\u00adtre cele mai frecvente \u00eentre\u00adb\u0103ri ridi\u00adcate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pot agro-textilele s\u0103 conduc\u0103 la sterilizarea solului?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Nu exist\u0103 nicio dovad\u0103 c\u0103 mate\u00adri\u00adalul \u00een sine are un impact neg\u00ada\u00adtiv asupra fer\u00adtil\u00adit\u0103\u021bii solu\u00adlui. \u021aes\u0103\u00adtu\u00adra ne\u021be\u00adsut\u0103 nu con\u021bine sub\u00adstan\u021be chim\u00adice d\u0103un\u0103\u00adtoare microor\u00adgan\u00adis\u00admelor, iar struc\u00adtura sa per\u00admite p\u0103trun\u00adderea apei \u0219i a aeru\u00adlui. Solul de dedesubt \u201clucreaz\u0103\u201d \u00een con\u00adtin\u00aduare, de\u0219i poate avea un acces oare\u00adcum lim\u00adi\u00adtat la lumin\u0103 \u0219i la frun\u00adzele c\u0103zute, care \u00eembog\u0103\u021besc \u00een mod nat\u00adur\u00adal strat\u00adul de humus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cum afecteaz\u0103 agrotextilul accesul la oxigen pentru r\u0103d\u0103cini \u0219i microorganisme<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Un mul\u00adci agro\u00adtex\u00adtil de bun\u0103 cal\u00adi\u00adtate este per\u00adme\u00adabil la aer \u0219i nu blocheaz\u0103 schim\u00adbul de gaze. Cu toate aces\u00adtea, strat\u00adi\u00adfi\u00adcarea incorec\u00adt\u0103, cum ar fi acoperirea mate\u00adri\u00adalu\u00adlui cu un strat prea gros \u0219i com\u00adpact de mul\u00adci, poate \u00eenr\u0103ut\u0103\u021bi tem\u00adpo\u00adrar condi\u021bi\u00adile de oxi\u00adgen din sol. Prin urmare, mod\u00ader\u00ada\u021bia \u0219i suc\u00adce\u00adsiunea corec\u00adt\u0103 a stra\u00adturilor sunt impor\u00adtante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Se dezvolt\u0103 ciuperci sau mucegai sub l\u00e2n\u0103?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen zonele cu per\u00adme\u00adabil\u00adi\u00adtate sc\u0103zut\u0103 a solu\u00adlui \u0219i umid\u00adi\u00adtate cres\u00adcut\u0103, pot ap\u0103rea, \u00eentr-ade\u00adv\u0103r, ciu\u00adper\u00adci local\u00adizate. Aces\u00adtea nu sunt de obi\u00adcei per\u00adicu\u00adloase, dar pot indi\u00adca fap\u00adtul c\u0103 solul tre\u00adbuie s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021beasc\u0103 struc\u00adtura sau s\u0103 dreneze exce\u00adsul de ap\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Care este importan\u021ba l\u00e2nii pentru r\u00e2me \u0219i alte organisme din sol?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Organ\u00adisme pre\u00adcum r\u00e2mele de p\u0103m\u00e2nt func\u021bioneaz\u0103 ade\u00adsea nest\u00adingherite sub agro-tex\u00adtil, mai ales dac\u0103 solul este bogat \u00een materie organ\u00adic\u0103. \u021aes\u0103\u00adtu\u00adra ne\u021be\u00adsut\u0103 le poate chiar crea condi\u021bii mai sta\u00adbile \u2014 reduc\u00e2nd uscarea \u0219i fluc\u00adtu\u00ada\u021bi\u00adile bru\u0219te de tem\u00adper\u00adatur\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cum s\u0103 sus\u021binem via\u021ba solului atunci c\u00e2nd folosim agrotextile?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La agrofi\u00adbre<\/strong> nu a lim\u00adi\u00adtat activ\u00adi\u00adtatea bio\u00adlog\u00adic\u0103, tre\u00adbuie s\u0103 \u0219ti\u021bi, cum ar fi<\/strong> s\u0103u uti\u00adlizare<\/strong>. Doar c\u00e2te\u00adva prac\u00adti\u00adci sim\u00adple sunt sufi\u00adciente pen\u00adtru a avea gri\u00adj\u0103 de o microflo\u00adra s\u0103n\u0103\u00adtoas\u0103 chiar \u0219i sub un strat de \u021bes\u0103\u00adtur\u0103. Mer\u00adit\u0103 s\u0103 v\u0103 aminti\u021bi urm\u0103\u00adtoarele reg\u00aduli:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • Ave\u021bi gri\u00adj\u0103 de sol \u00eenainte de a\u0219ezarea l\u00e2nii<\/strong> \u2014 ad\u0103u\u00adga\u021bi com\u00adpost, gunoi de gra\u00adjd sau bio\u00adhu\u00admus pen\u00adtru a oferi microor\u00adgan\u00adis\u00admelor o surs\u0103 de nutrien\u021bi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Nu str\u00e2nge\u021bi l\u00e2na prea tare<\/strong> \u2014 Stra\u00adturile grele de pietri\u0219 sau pietre pot restric\u021biona flux\u00adul de aer.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Acor\u00adda\u021bi aten\u021bie momen\u00adtu\u00adlui de des\u00adf\u0103\u0219u\u00adrare a mate\u00adri\u00adalu\u00adlui<\/strong> \u2014 mul\u021bi oameni care cump\u0103r\u0103 agro-fibre<\/strong>, reflec\u00adt\u0103 el, c\u00e2nd<\/strong> aces\u00adta laic<\/strong>? Acest lucru se face cel mai bine \u00een faza de plantare sau ime\u00addi\u00adat dup\u0103 \u00eens\u0103m\u00e2n\u021bare, c\u00e2nd solul este deja preg\u0103tit core\u00adspun\u00adz\u0103\u00adtor.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Uti\u00adliza\u00ad\u021bi fleece sezonier sau la fa\u021ba locu\u00adlui<\/strong> \u2014 la sf\u00e2r\u0219i\u00adt\u00adul sezonu\u00adlui de cul\u00adti\u00advare, \u00eende\u00adp\u0103r\u00adta\u021bi mate\u00adri\u00adalul, ast\u00adfel \u00eenc\u00e2t solul s\u0103 se poat\u0103 regen\u00adera.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Ad\u0103u\u00adga\u021bi un strat de mul\u00adci organ\u00adic <\/strong>- paie, scoar\u021b\u0103 sau frun\u00adze com\u00adpostate dea\u00adsupra \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021besc condi\u021bi\u00adile ter\u00admice \u0219i bio\u00adlog\u00adice.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Uti\u00adliza\u00ad\u021bi ame\u00adlio\u00adra\u00adtori bio\u00adlogi\u00adci<\/strong> \u2014 preparatele cu micorize sau microor\u00adgan\u00adisme efi\u00adciente tre\u00adbuie apli\u00adcate \u00eenainte de acoperirea solu\u00adlui.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    Cu aju\u00adtorul aces\u00adtor trata\u00admente, este posi\u00adbil s\u0103 prof\u00adi\u00adta\u021bi de avan\u00adta\u00adjele agro\u00adtex\u00adtilelor f\u0103r\u0103 riscul de a sub\u00admi\u00adna via\u021ba bio\u00adlog\u00adic\u0103 din sol.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Rezumat<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Agro-tex\u00adtilul, atun\u00adci c\u00e2nd este uti\u00adlizat corect, nu d\u0103uneaz\u0103 microor\u00adgan\u00adis\u00admelor din sol \u0219i nu duce la steril\u00adi\u00adtatea solu\u00adlui. Struc\u00adtura sa per\u00adme\u00adabil\u0103 per\u00admite intrarea aeru\u00adlui \u0219i a apei, iar condi\u021bi\u00adile sta\u00adbile de sub strat\u00adul s\u0103u pot pro\u00admo\u00adva via\u021ba bio\u00adlog\u00adic\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Cheia este insta\u00adlarea corec\u00adt\u0103, uti\u00adlizarea sezonier\u0103 \u0219i sus\u021binerea solu\u00adlui prin com\u00adpost, mul\u00adci organ\u00adic \u0219i preparate nat\u00adu\u00adrale. \u00cen acest fel, pute\u021bi prof\u00adi\u00adta de ben\u00adefici\u00adile agro\u00adtex\u00adtilu\u00adlui f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 v\u0103 face\u021bi gri\u00adji cu privire la starea solu\u00adlui \u0219i a plantelor.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Agrow\u0142\u00f3knina od lat cieszy si\u0119 popularno\u015bci\u0105 w\u015br\u00f3d ogrodnik\u00f3w i dzia\u0142kowc\u00f3w jako skuteczny spos\u00f3b na walk\u0119 z chwastami, utrzymanie wilgoci w glebie oraz ochron\u0119 upraw przed czynnikami atmosferycznymi. Jednak wraz z rosn\u0105cym zainteresowaniem ekologicznym i \u015bwiadomym ogrodnictwem pojawia si\u0119 coraz wi\u0119cej pyta\u0144 o to, jak w\u0142\u00f3knina wp\u0142ywa na \u017cycie biologiczne gleby. Czy agrow\u0142\u00f3knina nie zak\u0142\u00f3ca naturalnego […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":1886,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"wp_typography_post_enhancements_disabled":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[85],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1884","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-agrowloknina"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sammler.com.pl\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1884","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sammler.com.pl\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sammler.com.pl\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sammler.com.pl\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/16"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sammler.com.pl\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1884"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sammler.com.pl\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1884\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sammler.com.pl\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1886"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sammler.com.pl\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1884"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sammler.com.pl\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1884"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sammler.com.pl\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1884"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}